Eastern portion of Australia by John Arrowsmith.
London, Pubd. 1st May 1847, by John Arrowsmith, 10 Soho Sq.

EAST SHEET Extent E 130° to E 154°

OVERLAP

The sheets are designed to be joined along E 134°.The overlap of east and west sheets occurs from longitude E 130°- E137°. Information in the area E 130° to E 134° is not updated on the east sheet indicating that the cartographer had designed the map in two sheets to be joined.

INSETS:

Torres Strait (upper right), Van Diemens Land (lower right)

Description

Shows

IMPRINT:

The date in the imprint has been changed to 1st May 1847

COLONIES:

NEW SOUTH WALES, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, NORTH AUSTRALIA

REGIONS:

ARNHEM LAND, AUSTRALIA FELIX, EYRE LAND, NEW ENGLAND, GIPPSLAND

TABLE: COUNTIES:

The nineteen counties in New South Wales are delineated and numbered on the map and listed in a marginal table.

BOUNDARIES:

South Australia extends from 26°S to the south coast and from 132°E to 141°E. A boundary between New South Wales and North Australia is first shown in the 1847/1state of this map at 26°S. (Letters Patent dated 17th February 1846, proclaimed at Sydney on 9th November 1846 and at Port Curtis 30th January 1847) (McLelland, M.H. 1971, 674)
As from the 1847/1 state and onwards variant issues will be found with the northern boundary of South Australia either extended or not extended along 26°S to meet the Western Australian /North Australia boundary at 129°E creating an oblong of undesignated territory.

EXPLORERS' ROUTES:

John Edward Eyre in 1839 and 1840, Paul Edmond Strzelecki in 1840, Ludwig Leichhardt in 1844-45, Thomas Livingstone Mitchell in 1845-47

NOTES ON COASTS:

See East sheet, 1838/1 imprint. The long note covering the eastern portion of Australia stating that Cook discovered this coast in 1770 was removed in the 1846/1 state.

REFERENCE:

Not in Tooley

NOTES

In the 1847/1 state of the map it has been almost completely revised with the exception of the Colony of Victoria.
In the 1846/1 issue of this map the Colony of North Australia was erected by letters patent dated 17th February 1846 into a separate colony as follows: "all those parts of the territories now comprised within the … colony [of New South Wales], as lie northward of the 26th degree of south latitude therein".(McLelland, M.H. 1971)

Northern Territory

In the 1838/2 state of the map Victoria appeared on the Coburg Peninsula. Coburg Peninsula changed to Coburg Pa (132°E)
In the 1842/2 state of the map the Albert and Flinders Rivers, the Plains of Promise and Disaster Inlet are shown at the head of the Gulf of Carpentaria. These discoveries and namings resulted from the explorations of Captain Lort Stokes in the Beagle's boats during July and August of 1841 (Perry, T.M. 1982, p.97, plate 53)
In the 1847/1 state of the map the three-line note on the Alligator R. has been removed to permit the insertion of tracks of Leichhardt's expedition from the Darling Downs region of Queensland, Jimba Oct 1st 1844 (Jimbour) to Port Essington on the Coburg Peninsula. The tracks traverse the southern coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria and then north-west across Arnhem Land and thence to the Coburg Peninsula.

Queensland

In the 1847/1 state of the map the tracks of both Leichhardt and Mitchell (un-named) appear in southern Queensland with their camps. The Leichhardt expedition heads north-west towards the Gulf of Carpentaria where a note on Gilbert's death (Mr Gilbert killed June 28th) [1845] appears to the west of the Mitchell River where it flows into the Gulf.
Note on soils added to the Plains of Promise, Psammite or clayey ironsandstone at the base of the Gulf of Carpentaria and a further note Nonda Country Fine pasture appears below the Mitchell River. Many new features are named as a result of Leichhardt's expedition. The headwaters only of the R. Isaac and R. McKenzie appear. The supposed courses of the Boyne, the Dawson, Expedition Creek and the Burdekin rivers are shown draining east into the Pacific. Major rivers from north to south are the Mitchell, Lynd, Burdekin, Suttor, Isaac, McKenzie, Comet, Expedition Cr. (supposed), Dawson (supposed) and the Boyne (supposed).
In the hinterland of Brisbane in the Darling Downs area, there are many new features and streams.

Queensland and New South Wales

In the 1847/1 state of the map T. L. Mitchell's exploration of the inland river systems is shown in sketch map style with supposed stream courses and tracks of the exploration party. The courses of the Belyando, Condamine (supposed), Maranoa, Nive, Nogoa (supposed), Culgoa (supposed), Ballonne (149°E.), Mooni (supposed) and Cogoon rivers appear.
The Victoria R. named by Thomas Mitchell, later to be named the [Barcoo] by Kennedy appears flowing west with tracks shown both sides of this river. East of the junction of the Bogan with the Darling Narran Swamp appears south of the supposed courses of the Culgoa and Ballonne with Mooni R. Shown as a tributary of the Ballonne. The Condamine, Maranoa and Cogoon R. are all linked to the Ballonne.
The Karaula or Darling of the 1846 state has now been renamed the Karaula or Barwan. The supposed course of the Karaula north of its junction with the Dumaresque has been removed. This was previously linked with the Condamine River in the 1846/1 state.
Immediately north of the Nammoy or Peel R., Snodgrass Lagoon is marked with Major Mitchell's track shown going due north to the Ballonne where St George's Br. Is marked on the Ballonne River.
The hydrology is very confused in this state and many assumptions are made which are later corrected in further states of the map.
New peaks appearing in this state are M. Mudge, Mts. Pluto, Hutton, and Playfair, M. P. P. King, Grafton Range Peak, M. Abundance (Bindango)

New South Wales

The 1838/1 state of the map shows the principal river systems of the Murray, Murrumbidgee, Lachlan and the Darling, Bogan, Macquarie, Namoi, Gwydir, Dumaresq and Condamine. There are notes on Mitchell's furthest north and south on the Darling 1832, Sturt and Hume's farthest north on the Darling, March 1829, and Oxley's furthest west on the Lachlan 1817. Sturt's Depot is shown on the Murrumbidgee from whence he descended the Murrumbidgee and Murray Rivers to the sea in 36 days and returned in 40 days. Dixon's furthest west 1833 (just west of the Bogan R.) and the spot where Richard Cunningham was killed (just west of the Bogan R.) also marked.
In the 1841/1 state of the map the NEW ENGLAND region appears. Rivers flowing to the coast in this region are the Richmond R. (previous dotted line of river removed), the Evans R., the Clarence R. System, the Numbucka R. and McLeay R. The R. Severn flows to the west of the dividing range. Ben Lomond and Mt. Mitchell appear to the east of the dividing range.
In the 1846/1 state of the map the name NEW SOUTH WALES has been repositioned in two parts horizontally over the south-east portion of the map. The NEW SOUTH appears between 28°--30°S, while the word WALES appears just below 32°S.
In the 1847/1 state of the map the regional name NEW ENGLAND has been moved and re-engraved in a north/south alignment instead of east/west alignment as shown in East 1846/1 state.

New South Wales and South Australia

In the 1847/1 state Lakes Victoria and Bonney appear on the east bank of the Murray west of the junction with the Darling. The River Murray has been realigned westwards and its junction with the Darling redrawn.
To the east of L. Torrens at 29°- 30°S many new mounts are named in what will later become known as the Barrier Range e.g. Blackwood, Shannon, Arrowsmith, Browne, Stuart, Pool, Wood and King. Streams marked are the R. Frome, Torrens Cr, Evelyn Cr. and Burr Cr. South of this at 30°-32°S in what will later be named the Grey Range new un-named hydrology appears. M. Lyell of the 1846/1state has been removed.

Victoria

T. L. Mitchell's expeditions from Sydney to western Victoria (Glenelg R.) appear in the 1838/1 state of the map. AUSTRALIA FELIX named by him.
In the 1840/2 state the middle and upper reaches of the River Murray in the Port Phillip District are named RIVER HUME, the name by which this river was first known. Four tributaries, the Goulburn, the Delangan, the Ovens or Burwang and the R. King are shown. The River Bayungun and the Violet River have been removed
In the 1841/1 state of the map the name HUME RIVER has been removed from the Murray River which again is shown as a dashed line and the rivers Bayungun and Violet have been reinstated.
In GIPPSLAND the results of Paul Edmond Strzelecki's exploration [1840] of the Australian Alps is mapped. River systems flowing from the Australian Alps to the coast are Thomson, Riley, McArthur, Perry, Dunlop, Barney, Maconochie and Latrobe. Lake King appears. The Ovens or Burwang and the Mitta Mitta are shown flowing north. To the east of the Thomson River the map remains blank apart from Mt. Koschusko [Kosciusko] and Mt. Garrangura.
In Westernport, French Island is named, and nearby Jameson and Berry. Dodd and McCrae appear on the Mornington Peninsula.
On the west coast of Victoria new coastal names are Port Fairey, R. Barwon and Geelong. The R. Hopkins extended to the coast. L. Colac, Mt. Gellibrand and Mt. Eccles appear and a number of places with aboriginal names, i.e. R. Garanbalatt, R. Parrunyallac.

South Australia

In the 1840/1 (1838/4) state of the map the most notable change is the extensive updating of information in South Australia following the explorations of Edward John Eyre in 1839 and 1840. Three regions have been distinguished; BONNY LAND is the region adjacent to the current Victorian border (E 141°) STURT LAND occupies the Fleurieu Peninsula and north to the Gouger Range, EYRE LAND occupies the currently named Eyre Peninsula.
North of Mt. Arden at the head of Spencer Gulf the Flinders Range appears trending NE/SW. Mt. Eyre is marked to the immediate west of this range. Mt. Arden is shown at the southern end. Lake Torrens appears to the west with a note above it Extensive pl. of sandy soil destitute of vegetation with sandy ridges. At the southern end of the Flinders Range a Depot is marked on a hatched track labelled Overseers tract to the E. This track extends to the west to the coast at Streaky Bay where another Depot is shown and then continues along the coast to Pt. Bell.
North-east of Gulf of St. Vincent the Gouger Ra., Mt. Pullen, Mt. Bryan, Slate Hill and Hawdon Plains appear while south of these the Rocky and Bernard ranges and further south again the Barossa Ra.
In the Fleurieu Peninsula the rivers Broughton, Hill, Light, Gawler, Torrens and Finnis are shown.
Coastal names appearing for the first time in the 1840/1(1838/4) state on the Gulf of St Vincent are Port Gawler, Hurtle Vale, Onkaparinga B. The Field R. has been removed.
On the Eyre Peninsula topographical features and notes on the nature of the land and vegetation also appear such as low and scrubby swamp, spring, lagoon, very dense scrub and land rises with intervals of open plain among the scrub. In the north of the peninsula Mt. Start and the Gawler Ra trending north-west / south-east and then east with numerous parallel ranges. A track from Pt. Lincoln in the south-east of the Eyre Peninsula follows the coastline north-west. New names along this coast are Mt. Dutton, Mt. Hope, Wedge Hill, Mt. Cooper and Mt. Hall.
On Encounter Bay Victor Harbour is marked.
In the 1841/1 state of the map the results of Edward John Eyre's expeditions [1839-1840] include a postulated double horseshoe shaped salt water Lake Torrens (dry) as the most notable additional feature. New place names occur north of the Flinders Range, i.e. Termination Hill, Mt. Scott, Mt. Deception, Mt. Serle, Mt. Hopeless. Also notes such as Water very salt, Barren Plains covd. By Salsolae, Brine springs, Eyre's furthest n.w. 1840 and Eyre's furthest n.e. 1840 are shown.
In this 1841/2 state of the map Arrowsmith's modus operandi is demonstrated. He firstly inserts hydrology and then topography in a later issue of the map. In this second state topography has been inserted within the horse shoe shaped Lake Torrens with 'hairy caterpillar' type hachuring and in New England and Gippsland. Compare with East sheet, 1841/1 state.
In the 1842/2 state the shape of L. Alexandrina has been changed. L. Albert, Malcolm and the Coorong appear on the south coast.
In the 1847/1 state of the map there is much new information in South Australia. Sturt's expedition into the interior is shown with the furthest point reached being marked at 24°S / 138°E. by a note Sturt's farthest Sept. 8th 1845. Eyre Cr. appears just below this note. Part of Cooper's Creek appears. The outline of Lake Torrens has been completely redrawn so that the northernmost part of the horseshoe lies at 29° S rather than 28° S and extends from 138°- 140° 30'E. Many previously shown features, notes and topography have been completely removed. In this state only hydrology, explorers' tracks and landmark peaks such as M. Hopeless, M. Distance, M. Serle, Prism Hill, M. Deception, Termination Hill and M. Norwest appear within the supposed outline of the L. Torrens.
At the head of Spencer Gulf the track shown on the previous 1846/1 state Overseers track to the east has been removed and also the capital "R" of Rocky barren Ms leaving ocky barren Ms. Only M. Brown remains but the note accompanying it has been removed. To the east of M. Brown a new name Black Rk. Hill appears. South- east of this the Gouger Range has been replaced by Porcupine Hill. M. Pullen, Hawdon Plains and Slate Hill and Bernard Ra. have been removed and M. Bryan repositioned further south with the new features of Razorback and Burra Cr.
The internal information on the Fleurieu Peninsula has been revised and simplified so that the names become more legible. The R. Wakefield is shown flowing into the head of the Gulf of St. Vincent from the east. Below this feature the R. Gilbert, R. Light and Julia Cr. are all shown as part of the tributary system of a supposed stream which enters the Gulf of St. Vincent above Port Gawler. M. Rufus and Greenoch Ra. appear north of the Barossa Ra. Further redrawing shows the Gawler R. flowing west from the Barossa Ra. With the settlements of Gawler and Milner located on it and Port Gawler at its mouth. Willunga appears south of Onkaparinga.
The regional name STURT LAND has been removed.
Much more detail now appears of the streams flowing into L. Alexandrina. Named from west to east these are the first un-named, then the Finnis, Angas and Bremer. Goolwa is shown near the entrance to the Murray River.
The course of the Murray River from its junction with the Darling has been redrawn with the elbow bend being placed more westerly than previously. New names appear on the river in this stretch e.g. Selente Pt., Moorundi, Mattala, Upr. Crossing and Wellington.
In the extreme south-east the regional name BONNY LAND has been removed

CHANGES AND ADDITIONS

This state is notable for the detail of Ludwig Leichhardt's (Aug. 1844-Oct 1845) and Thomas Livingstone Mitchell's (Dec. 1845-Jan. 1847) independent expeditions. Arrowsmith inserts only the explorers' tracks and the hydrology in this first state, which is his common practice.

IMPRINT:

The date in the imprint is changed to 1st May 1847.

REGIONS:

STURT LAND and BONNY LAND removed from South Australia.

NEW ENGLAND moved and re-engraved in north/south alignment instead of east/west alignment as shown in East 1846/1 state.

BOUNDARIES:

South Australia extends from 26° S to the south coast and from132° E to141° E. A boundary between New South Wales and North Australia is first shown in the 1847/1 state of this map at 26° S. (Letters Patent dated 17th February 1846, proclaimed at Sydney on 9th November 1846 and at Port Curtis 30th January 1847) (McLelland, M. H. 1971, v. 45 p.674)

Northern Territory

The three-line note on the Alligator R. has been removed to permit the insertion of tracks of Leichhardt's expedition from the Darling Downs region of Queensland, Jimba Oct 1st 1844 (Jimbour) to Port Essington on the Coburg Peninsula. The tracks traverse the southern coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria and then north-west across Arnhem Land and thence to the Coburg Peninsula.

Queensland

In southern Queensland the tracks of both Leichhardt and Mitchell (unnamed) with their camps appear. The Leichhardt expedition heads northwest towards the Gulf of Carpentaria where a note on Gilbert's death (Mr Gilbert killed June 28th) [1845] appears to the west of the Mitchell River where it flows into the Gulf.
Note on soils added to the Plains of Promise, Psammite or clayey ironsandstone at the base of the Gulf of Carpentaria and a further note Nonda Country Fine pasture appears below the Mitchell River. Many new features are named as a result of Leichhardt's expedition. The headwaters only of the R. Isaac and R. McKenzie appear. The supposed courses of the Boyne, the Dawson, Expedition Creek and the Burdekin rivers are shown draining east into the Pacific. Major rivers from north to south are the Mitchell, Lynd, Burdekin, Suttor, Isaac, McKenzie, Comet, Expedition Cr. (supposed), Dawson (supposed) and the Boyne (supposed).
In the hinterland of Brisbane in the Darling Downs area, there are many new features and streams.

Queensland and New South Wales

T. L. Mitchell's exploration of the inland river systems is shown in sketch map style with supposed stream courses and tracks of the exploration party. The courses of the Belyando, Condamine (supposed), Maranoa, Nive, Nogoa (supposed), Culgoa (supposed), Ballonne (149°E.), Mooni (supposed) and Cogoon rivers appear.
The Victoria R. named by Thomas Mitchell, later to be named the [Barcoo] by Kennedy appears flowing west with tracks shown both sides of this river. East of the junction of the Bogan with the Darling Narran Swamp appears south of the supposed courses of the Culgoa and Ballonne with Mooni R. shown as a tributary of the Ballonne. The Condamine, Maranoa and Cogoon R. are all linked to the Ballonne.
The Karaula or Darling of the 1846 state has now been renamed the Karaula or Barwan. The supposed course of the Karaula north of its junction with the Dumaresque has been removed. This was previously linked with the Condamine River in the 1846/1 state.
Immediately north of the Nammoy or Peel R., Snodgrass Lagoon is marked with Major Mitchell's track shown going due north to the Ballonne where St George's Br. is marked on the Ballonne River.
The hydrology is very confused in this state and many assumptions are made which are later corrected in further states of the map.
New peaks appearing in this state are M. Mudge, Mts. Pluto, Hutton, and Playfair, M. P. P. King, Grafton Range Peak, M. Abundance (Bindango)

New South Wales and South Australia

Lakes Victoria and Bonney appear on the east bank of the Murray west of the junction with the Darling. The River Murray has been realigned westwards and its junction with the Darling redrawn.
To the east of L. Torrens at 29°- 30°S many new mounts are named in what will later become known as the Barrier Range e.g. Blackwood, Shannon, Arrowsmith, Browne, Stuart, Pool, Wood and King. Streams marked are the R. Frome, Torrens Cr, Evelyn Cr. and Burr Cr. South of this at 30°-32°S in what will later be named the Grey Range new unnamed hydrology appears. M. Lyell of the 1846/1 state has been removed.

South Australia

In South Australia there is much new information. Sturt's expedition into the interior is shown with the furthest point reached being marked at 24°S / 138°E. by a note Sturt's farthest Sept. 8th 1845. Eyre Cr. appears just below this note. Part of Cooper's Creek appears. The outline of Lake Torrens has been completely redrawn so that the northernmost part of the horseshoe lies at 29° S rather than 28° S and extends from 138°- 140° 30'E. Many previously shown features, notes and topography have been completely removed. In this state only hydrology, explorers' tracks and landmark peaks such as M. Hopeless, M. Distance, M. Serle, Prism Hill, M. Deception, Termination Hill and M. Norwest appear within the supposed outline of the L. Torrens.
At the head of Spencer Gulf the track shown on the previous 1846 state, Overseers track to the east has been removed and also the capital "R" of Rocky barren Ms leaving ocky barren Ms. Only M. Brown remains but the note accompanying it has been removed. To the east of M. Brown a new name Black Rk. Hill appears. South- east of this the Gouger Range has been replaced by Porcupine Hill. M. Pullen, Hawdon Plains and Slate Hill and Bernard Ra. have been removed and M. Bryan repositioned further south with the new features of Razorback and Burra Cr.
The internal information on the Fleurieu Peninsula has been revised and simplified so that the names become more legible. The R. Wakefield is shown flowing into the head of the Gulf of St. Vincent from the east. Below this feature the R. Gilbert, R. Light and Julia Cr. are all shown as part of the tributary system of a supposed stream which enters the Gulf of St. Vincent above Port Gawler. M. Rufus and Greenoch Ra. appear north of the Barossa Ra. Further redrawing shows the Gawler R. flowing west from the Barossa Ra. With the settlements of Gawler and Milner located on it and Port Gawler at its mouth. Willunga appears south of Onkaparinga.
The regional name STURT LAND has been removed.
Much more detail now appears of the streams flowing into L. Alexandrina. Named from west to east these are the first unnamed, then the Finnis, Angas and Bremer. Goolwa is shown near the entrance to the Murray River.
The course of the Murray River from its junction with the Darling has been redrawn with the elbow bend being placed more westerly than previously. New names appear on the river in this stretch e.g. Selente Pt., Moorundi, Mattala, Upr. Crossing and Wellington.
In the extreme south east the regional name BONNY LAND has been removed.

Victoria

No changes from 1846/1 state

Key Dates

1606 - 1847

Situation date

May 1847

Map Publication Date

Related entries

Timeline

Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1838/1
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1838/2
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1838/3
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1840/1 (1838/4)
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1840/2 (1838/5)
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1841/1
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1841/2
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1842/1
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1842/2
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1846/1
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1847/1
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1847/2
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1848/1
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1849/1 (1848/2)
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1850/1
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1853/1
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1856/1
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1858/1
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1860/1 (1858/2)
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1861/1
Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1863/1 (1862/1)
[Australia, East], 1884/1
Australia, East 1887

Institutional and Other Holdings

Cambridge University Library

• The London Atlas of Universal Geography : by his much obliged and humble servant John Arrowsmith., 1842, Atlas.2.84.13; Cambridge University Library. Details

Published resources

Books

• Perry, T. M., The discovery of Australia : the charts and maps of the navigators and explorers, Nelson, Melbourne, 1982, 159 pp. Details
• Tooley, Ronald Vere, The mapping of Australia and Antarctica, Holland Press, London, 1985, 649 pp. Details

Journal Articles

• McClelland, M. H., 'Colonial and state boundaries in Australia', The Australian Law Journal, vol. 45, November 1971, p. 679. Details